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The nation's freshly appointed prime minister, Takaichi, is set to undertake her initial significant foreign policy test as she engages with ex-President Donald Trump for crucial talks in the Japanese capital.

The agenda of their meeting is anticipated to focus on trade and defense issues, signaling a pivotal moment for Japan's ties with its influential partner.

A Notable Leadership and Global Debut

Takaichi, who just assumed the role of Japan's initial woman leader after winning the leadership of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, made her international debut at the latest ASEAN summit.

But, her forthcoming talks with the former president is considered the true challenge that will establish the direction for future bilateral cooperation.

Navigating Domestic and Global Pressures

The prime minister faces a possibly shaky political landscape, having established a coalition that puts her two seats away of a majority in the influential lower house of parliament.

Consequently, her administration will rely on other lawmakers to approve laws, adding a layer of difficulty to her governance.

Common Perspectives and Differing Interests

She holds the former president's wariness of Chinese defense activities in the Asia-Pacific, yet both nations have experienced challenges from his "America-first" trade approach.

Recently, Trump facilitated a ceasefire agreement between Thailand and Cambodia forces on the initial stage of his Asia visit.

Defense Expansion and Spending Commitments

The leader has stated her determination to speed up Japan's military build-up, planning to raise defense expenditure to two percent of GDP by the end of March.

This move aligns with a long-held request from the former US leader and signifies the largest military buildup for Japan since the Second World War.

Defense Cooperation and Strains

The country has also taken steps to acquire "retaliatory" capabilities, including cruise missiles from the United States, and plans to deploy locally made extended-range systems.

But, the two-way defense agreement remains a point of tension, with Trump previously stating that the nation should pay more for hosting American troops on its territory.

Trade Outlook and Negotiations

Not many expect major concessions on economic matters this week, especially after latest tariff changes provided some relief to Japan's economy.

The PM is expected to pursue further benefits by committing to greater purchases of American goods, including pickup trucks, soybeans, and natural gas.

Personal Chemistry and the Abe Link

The importance Trump places on personal rapport could work in Takaichi's advantage, given her close ties with assassinated former prime minister Shinzo Abe, who was among Trump's favorite world leaders.

Abe was the first foreign leader to meet Trump after his election, and the pair developed a strong relationship over mutual activities such as golf.

Forthcoming Schedule and International Implications

Trump's trip to Japan will start with a meeting with Emperor Naruhito at the royal residence in the capital.

This will be succeeded by talks with Takaichi at the state guest house, the same location where he held talks with Abe in previous years.

Afterward, the former president will travel to the Republic of Korea for the Apec summit, where he is set to engage with Chinese leader Xi.